The corneal endothelium is a single layer of hexagonal cells lining the inner surface of the cornea. It pumps fluid out of the stroma to keep the cornea clear and does not regenerate in humans.
| Location | Innermost layer of the cornea, facing the anterior chamber |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | Long and short ciliary nerves (ophthalmic nerve, trigeminal) |
| Blood Supply | None (nourished by aqueous humour) |
Keeps the cornea dehydrated and therefore transparent.
Cell numbers fall with age, surgery and disease; when too few remain, the cornea swells and clouds. Fuchs endothelial dystrophy is a common reason for corneal transplantation. Cell counts are checked before cataract surgery in some patients.
Progressive loss of endothelial cells causing corneal swelling and glare, often worse in the morning.
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