- May 2, 2026The sternothyroid is a strap muscle connecting the sternum directly to the thyroid cartilage, depressing the larynx after it has…
- May 2, 2026The cervical longissimus is the intermediate column of the erector spinae in the neck, connecting the upper thoracic transverse processes…
- May 2, 2026The semispinalis cervicis is the cervical component of the transversospinalis group, bridging from the upper thoracic transverse processes to the…
- May 2, 2026The three pharyngeal constrictors overlap like nested plant pots to form the posterior and lateral pharyngeal wall. Their sequential superior-to-inferior…
- May 2, 2026The cricopharyngeus is the lower part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor that forms the upper oesophageal sphincter (UOS), maintaining tonic…
- May 2, 2026The thyroarytenoid is the bulk of the true vocal fold, whose medial fibres form the vocalis muscle that is the…
- May 2, 2026The cricothyroid is the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve rather than…
- May 2, 2026The posterior cricoarytenoid is the most important intrinsic laryngeal muscle because it is the only abductor of the vocal cords,…
- May 2, 2026The lateral cricoarytenoid is the primary vocal cord adductor, rotating the arytenoid cartilage to bring the vocal process medially and…
- May 2, 2026The cervical portion of the iliocostalis is the most superior part of the lateral erector spinae column, bridging the upper…