The pulmonary valve guards the exit from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk. Like the aortic valve, it has three semilunar cusps (anterior, right and left) with no chordae. It is the most anterior and superior of the heart valves.
| Location | At the top of the conus arteriosus, behind the medial end of the left third costal cartilage. It is best heard at the left second intercostal space. |
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Allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs during systole and prevents backflow during diastole. Its closure forms the pulmonary component of the second heart sound, which normally splits from the aortic component on inspiration.
Isolated pulmonary stenosis is usually congenital and is often treated with balloon valvuloplasty. Pulmonary stenosis is one of the four features of tetralogy of Fallot. Pulmonary regurgitation is a common late problem in adults who had tetralogy repair in childhood.
Narrowing of the valve, nearly always congenital. Severe cases cause right ventricular hypertrophy and reduced exercise capacity.
Leakage back into the right ventricle, often from pulmonary hypertension or after repair of congenital heart disease. Long-standing cases dilate the right ventricle.
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