The premolars are eight teeth, two in each quarter of the mouth, between the canines and the first molars. They usually have two cusps, one cheek-side and one tongue-side, and replace the baby molars of the first teeth. The upper first premolar commonly has two roots, while the others usually have one.
| Location | Between the canines and first molars in both dental arches |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | Middle superior alveolar nerve when present, otherwise anterior and posterior superior alveolar nerves (upper); Inferior alveolar nerve (lower) |
| Blood Supply | Middle and posterior superior alveolar arteries (upper); Inferior alveolar artery (lower) |
| Venous drainage |
|
| Lymphatic drainage |
|
Crush and tear food, forming a transition between the cutting front teeth and the grinding molars.
Premolars are the teeth most often removed to make space in orthodontic treatment. The mental foramen and mental nerve lie close to the root tips of the lower premolars, so surgery or implants here can cause numbness of the lower lip and chin. The lower second premolar is one of the teeth most often congenitally absent.
Damage to the mental nerve near the lower premolar roots during extraction, implant placement or surgery, causing numbness of the lower lip and chin.
Developmental absence of a premolar, often leaving a retained baby molar in its place.
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