The cervical canal is the narrow passage through the cervix, linking the uterine cavity above (at the internal os) to the vagina below (at the external os). It is lined by mucus-secreting folds.
| Location | Within the cervix, about 2.5-3 cm long |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | Uterovaginal plexus (inferior hypogastric plexus) |
| Blood Supply | Uterine artery (cervical branches) |
| Venous drainage |
|
| Lymphatic drainage |
|
Lets menstrual blood out and sperm in; its mucus changes through the cycle and forms a protective plug in pregnancy.
The external os is round in women who have not given birth and slit-like afterwards. The canal must dilate to 10 cm in labour. Endocervical sampling is part of cervical screening, and cervical stenosis can block menstrual flow.
Narrowing of the canal after surgery or radiotherapy, causing blocked menstrual flow.
Painless early opening of the cervix in mid-pregnancy, risking miscarriage.
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