The radial nerve gives multiple branches to the three heads of triceps, with the long and medial head branches arising proximal to the spiral groove and the lateral head branch at the spiral groove level. The combined triceps motor supply from these branches drives elbow extension.
Understanding the multiple triceps branches of the radial nerve is essential for surgical planning in radial nerve reconstruction. Nerve transfer techniques target individual triceps branches for reinnervation of wrist extensors. The combined triceps motor function is assessed by resisted elbow extension strength testing and EMG sampling of all three heads.
Combined assessment of long, medial, and lateral head triceps function by EMG to localise radial nerve injury level — preserved long head with lost medial and lateral head indicates mid-spiral groove injury level.
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