The nerve to teres major arises from the lower subscapular nerve (from the posterior cord, C5-C6), entering the teres major on its anterior surface. It is the most inferior motor branch of the lower subscapular nerve.
The nerve to teres major is preserved in selective lower subscapular nerve injuries where the main nerve injury is more distal. Teres major EMG is part of posterior cord injury workup. The muscle is harvested for teres major transfer in brachial plexus reconstruction and in cervical spinal cord injury reconstruction, where the nerve is coapted to finger flexor nerves. Its preservation distinguishes posterior cord from axillary nerve-specific injuries.
Teres major EMG abnormality confirming posterior cord brachial plexus injury, with combined teres major, subscapularis, and latissimus dorsi denervation indicating posterior cord involvement proximal to the axillary and thoracodorsal nerve takeoffs.
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