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Nerve to Lateral Pterygoid

nervus musculi pterygoidei lateralis

The nerve to the lateral pterygoid is a branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3) supplying both heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. It enters the deep surface of the muscle near its posterior border. The superior head of lateral pterygoid, via this nerve, controls the articular disc and condylar position during jaw opening and protrusion.

Region: Head & Skull

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The nerve to lateral pterygoid and its motor supply to the superior head (which attaches to the articular disc) is relevant in TMJ disc displacement pathomechanics. Hypertonicity of the superior lateral pterygoid head mediated through this nerve pulls the disc anteriorly, contributing to anterior disc displacement without reduction (closed lock). Lateral pterygoid muscle injections with botulinum toxin, targeting the superior head, are occasionally used in refractory TMJ disc displacement and bruxism. EMG of the lateral pterygoid helps differentiate spasm from structural disc pathology.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Lateral Pterygoid Spasm and TMJ Disc Displacement

Hypertonicity of the superior lateral pterygoid head mediated through its motor nerve produces forceful anterior disc traction during jaw function, perpetuating anterior disc displacement; botulinum toxin injection into the superior head reduces this abnormal pull as an adjunct to disc repositioning splint therapy.