Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion

ganglion mesentericum inferius

The inferior mesenteric ganglion is a small prevertebral sympathetic ganglion located at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery from the aorta at L3. It receives preganglionic fibres from the lumbar splanchnic nerves and distributes postganglionic sympathetic fibres along the IMA branches to the left colon, sigmoid, and rectum. Fibres from it contribute to the superior hypogastric plexus and the hypogastric nerves to the pelvis.

Region: Abdomen

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The inferior mesenteric ganglion and the superior hypogastric plexus at the aortic bifurcation are at risk during inferior mesenteric artery ligation, aortic aneurysm repair, and high anterior resection for rectal cancer. Injury produces autonomic dysfunction with bladder, bowel, and sexual function impairment. Nerve-sparing rectal resection preserves the superior hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves, which arise from the inferior mesenteric ganglion region.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion Injury in Aortic Surgery

Infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair and IMA ligation risk the inferior mesenteric ganglion and superior hypogastric plexus at the aortic bifurcation, producing retrograde ejaculation, bladder dysfunction, and disturbed colonic motility; careful identification and preservation of the hypogastric plexus anterior to the aortic bifurcation reduces autonomic morbidity.