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Inferior Gluteal Nerve (Detail)

nervus gluteus inferior (aspectus detailiatus)

The inferior gluteal nerve arises from the posterior divisions of L5, S1, and S2, exiting the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis. It passes directly into the deep surface of the gluteus maximus, which is its sole motor target. It carries no cutaneous sensory component. The nerve divides into superior and inferior branches within the gluteus maximus.

Region: Pelvis & Hip

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The inferior gluteal nerve is at risk during posterior hip approaches, particularly when the piriformis is divided and the deep gluteal space is developed. Inferior gluteal nerve palsy produces profound gluteus maximus weakness with loss of hip extension power and difficulty rising from a chair or climbing stairs. It may be injured in pelvic fractures, posterior hip dislocation, and piriformis syndrome variants. EMG confirms denervation by showing gluteus maximus involvement while sparing the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus medius (superior gluteal nerve territory).

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Palsy

Paralysis of gluteus maximus from inferior gluteal nerve injury during posterior hip surgery or pelvic trauma, producing profound hip extension weakness and a characteristic forward-leaning gait to compensate.