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Deep Temporal Nerves

nervi temporales profundi

The deep temporal nerves are two or three branches of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3) that ascend deep to the temporalis muscle to supply it from its deep surface. The anterior deep temporal nerve arises with the buccal nerve, and the posterior deep temporal nerve arises separately. They are purely motor nerves to the temporalis muscle.

Region: Head & Skull

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The deep temporal nerves are at risk during temporal craniotomies and in the surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa. Injury produces temporalis muscle atrophy visible as temporal hollowing, a complication of pterional craniotomy and lateral skull base approaches. In trigeminal neuralgia assessment, blocking V3 at the oval foramen anaesthetises these nerves along with the other mandibular branches. In extensive infratemporal fossa dissection for skull base tumours, the deep temporal nerves must be identified to preserve temporalis function for masticatory and cosmetic purposes.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Temporalis Atrophy After Craniotomy

Injury to the deep temporal nerves during pterional or temporal craniotomy causes denervation atrophy of the temporalis muscle, producing visible temporal hollowing that is cosmetically significant; modern techniques preserve the nerves by a subperiosteal approach under the temporalis fascia.