The nerve network from C5–T1 anterior rami supplying almost all upper limb motor and sensory function, organised into roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches.
Injuries range from stretch (neurapraxia) to root avulsion. Upper injuries (Erb's — C5,C6) produce waiter's tip posture; lower injuries (Klumpke's — C8,T1) produce claw hand. Birth injuries are the most common neonatal nerve injury.
Upper plexus injury (C5,C6) producing shoulder adduction, internal rotation, elbow extension, and forearm pronation — the waiter's tip posture.
Transient plexus stretch in contact sport from neck lateral flexion, causing burning pain and arm weakness lasting seconds to minutes.
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