The aorticorenal ganglia are paired prevertebral sympathetic ganglia located at the renal arteries' origins from the aorta (aorticorenal junction), continuous with the coeliac and superior mesenteric plexuses. They receive preganglionic fibres from the splanchnic nerves and relay postganglionic sympathetic fibres to the kidney and upper ureter via the renal plexus. They also carry afferent pain fibres from the kidney through the coeliac plexus to the spinal cord.
The aorticorenal ganglia and renal sympathetic nerves are the targets of catheter-based renal denervation for resistant hypertension: radiofrequency ablation catheters deliver energy to the renal artery wall, ablating the periadvential renal sympathetic nerves and reducing renal sympathetic tone, decreasing renin secretion and sodium retention. The SYMPLICITY-3 trial showed modest blood pressure reduction in carefully selected patients. The aorticorenal ganglia are also relevant in coeliac plexus block for visceral pain (renal colic referred to the same level).
Catheter-based renal denervation using radiofrequency energy delivered to the renal artery intima ablates the renal sympathetic nerves in the renal artery periadventitial tissue including the aorticorenal ganglion connections, reducing renal sympathetic tone and systolic blood pressure by 5-7 mmHg in patients with resistant hypertension on optimal medical therapy.
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