The superficial head of the medial pterygoid arises from the maxillary tuberosity and forms the lateral part of the pterygomandibular sling with the masseter. Together they cradle the mandibular ramus on both sides.
| Origin | Tuberosity of the maxilla and pyramidal process of the palatine bone |
|---|---|
| Insertion | Medial surface of the mandibular ramus — pterygoid tuberosity |
| Nerve Supply | Medial pterygoid nerve — branch of mandibular nerve (V3) |
| Blood Supply | Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery |
| Actions | Elevates the mandible — assists jaw closing; Protrudes the mandible; Contributes to lateral jaw excursion |
|---|
The pterygomandibular sling (medial pterygoid + masseter) is the primary jaw-closing mechanism. Inferior alveolar nerve block (dental injection) is placed into the pterygomandibular space between the medial pterygoid and the mandibular ramus.
Not directly palpable externally — accessed intra-orally at the pterygomandibular raphe.
Spasm of the medial pterygoid superficial head following inferior alveolar nerve block injection causing limited mouth opening (trismus), managed by warm compresses and progressive jaw opening exercises.
