At the shoulder level, the long head biceps functions as a humeral head depressor and anterior stabiliser. Its intra-articular portion traverses the glenohumeral joint and is uniquely subject to tenosynovitis and SLAP tears.
| Origin | Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and superior glenoid labrum |
|---|---|
| Insertion | Continues as tendon through the bicipital groove into the upper arm |
| Nerve Supply | Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) |
| Blood Supply | Anterior circumflex humeral artery |
| Actions | Depresses the humeral head during deltoid activation; Contributes to anterior shoulder stability through the bicipital groove pulley |
|---|
Pathology includes SLAP tears at the biceps anchor, bicipital groove tenosynovitis, and subluxation from the groove. The O'Brien active compression test and Speed test assess these regions. Biceps tenodesis reliably addresses chronic groove pain.
Palpable in the bicipital groove with the arm in neutral rotation.
Superior labral tear at the long head biceps attachment producing shoulder pain with overhead activity and positive O'Brien test, managed by SLAP repair or biceps tenodesis.
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