Unique among deep back muscles in receiving ventral rami innervation, making them homologous to quadratus lumborum. They lie anterior to the posterior primary rami.
| Origin | Anterior tubercle of each cervical transverse process |
|---|---|
| Insertion | Anterior tubercle of the adjacent transverse process above |
| Nerve Supply | Ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves — anterior rami (unique among deep back muscles) |
| Blood Supply | Vertebral artery muscular branches |
| Actions | Ipsilateral cervical lateral flexion; Proprioceptive monitoring of cervical intervertebral position |
|---|
Their attachment to the anterior tubercle helps identify the vertebral artery as it ascends through the foramina transversaria immediately posterior to the tubercle in anterior cervical surgery.
Not palpable directly.
The anterior tubercle attachment serving as the surgical landmark for vertebral artery identification in the anterior cervical approach.
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