The geniohyoid lies directly above the mylohyoid in the floor of the mouth, running from the mental spine to the hyoid. It is the shortest and most direct hyoid elevator, contributing to the early opening phase of the upper esophageal sphincter during swallowing.
| Origin | Mental spine (genial tubercle) of the mandible — inferior |
|---|---|
| Insertion | Body of the hyoid bone — anterior surface |
| Nerve Supply | C1 via the hypoglossal nerve (same as thyrohyoid) |
| Blood Supply | Submental artery |
| Actions | Draws the hyoid anterosuperiorly during swallowing; Assists in mandible depression when the hyoid is fixed |
|---|
Geniohyoid shortening by electrical stimulation has been investigated for obstructive sleep apnoea treatment — advancing the hyoid anteriorly opens the retrolingual airway. The geniohyoid is identified in floor-of-mouth resections for oral cancer and in hyoid suspension surgery for sleep apnoea.
Palpated in the submental region immediately behind the mandibular symphysis.
Electrical stimulation of geniohyoid as part of hypoglossal nerve stimulation protocols for obstructive sleep apnoea, advancing the hyoid and tongue base to open the retrolingual airway.
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