The radial collateral ligament of the thumb interphalangeal joint provides radial stability to the IP articulation, connecting the radial distal head of the proximal phalanx to the radial base of the distal phalanx.
Resists ulnar deviation at the thumb IP joint, constrains IP joint radial opening during lateral pinch, and provides the static medial stability of the terminal thumb joint.
Thumb IP radial collateral ligament tears occur in forceful ulnar deviation injury (catching a ball). IP joint instability requires collateral repair when radial opening exceeds 30 degrees on stress testing.
Acute ulnar deviation force producing thumb IP radial collateral disruption with pain and instability on radial stress, managed by buddy splinting or surgical repair for complete tears.
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