The superior extensor retinaculum is a transverse fibrous band across the anterior ankle approximately 5-6 cm above the ankle joint, binding the extensor tendons and the anterior tibial neurovascular bundle to the anterior lower leg. It lies superior to the inferior extensor retinaculum.
Prevents bowstringing of the extensor tendons during ankle dorsiflexion at the distal leg level; proximal to the inferior retinaculum which forms the ankle cross-strap.
The superior extensor retinaculum is the superior boundary of the anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome territory. The deep peroneal nerve passes deep to both retinacula and may be compressed at either level. In compartment syndrome fasciotomy, both the superior and inferior extensor retinacula are released to decompress the anterior ankle structures. The retinaculum is divided during anterolateral ankle approaches.
Compression of the deep peroneal nerve under the superior retinaculum producing dorsal foot numbness and EDB weakness, managed by retinaculum release as part of anterior tarsal tunnel decompression.
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