The prevertebral fascia covers the anterior surface of the prevertebral muscles (longus colli and capitis) and the vertebral column, forming the posterior boundary of the danger space and the floor of the retropharyngeal space.
Protects the vertebral column and prevertebral muscles from anterior disease processes, provides the fascial plane for anterior cervical surgical approaches, and defines the posterior boundary of the prevertebral space.
In anterior cervical surgery, the prevertebral fascia is incised to access the vertebral bodies after the longus colli muscles are elevated. Prevertebral space abscess (from vertebral osteomyelitis) tracks within this compartment. Prevertebral calcific tendinitis (calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the longus colli) inflames the prevertebral fascia, producing acute neck pain and difficulty swallowing.
Calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in the longus colli or prevertebral fascia producing acute neck pain, dysphagia, and prevertebral soft tissue swelling on X-ray.
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