Posterior Glenohumeral Capsule

capsula articularis glenohumeralis posterior

The posterior glenohumeral capsule and posterior IGHL limit posterior humeral head translation. Posterior capsular contracture — excessive tightening of the posterior capsule — is the primary cause of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) in throwing athletes, producing a loss of internal rotation compared to the non-dominant side. GIRD shifts the humeral head posterosuperiorly during the late cocking phase of throwing, producing posterior impingement and SLAP tears.

Region: Shoulder

Anatomical Data

Origin, Insertion & Supply

Origin	Posterior glenoid labrum
Insertion	Posterior anatomical neck of the humerus

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Actions	Restrains posterior glenohumeral translation; becomes taut in horizontal adduction and internal rotation; limits cross-body reach

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Sleeper stretch (horizontal adduction in side-lying) specifically targets the posterior capsule and is the primary conservative treatment for GIRD and throwing-related shoulder pathology. Posterior capsular release is performed arthroscopically for capsular contracture refractory to stretching.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Posterior Capsular Contracture

GIRD from posterior capsule tightness in throwers producing posterior impingement and SLAP tears managed with sleeper stretch and posterior capsular release for refractory contracture.