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Orbital Periosteum (Periorbita)

periorbita

The periorbita is the periosteal lining of the bony orbit, continuous with the dura mater at the optic canal and superior orbital fissure. It is loosely attached to the orbital walls except at the orbital rim where it firmly adheres.

Region: Head & Skull

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Lines the bony orbit providing a barrier between orbital fat and bone, transmits vessels and nerves into the orbital contents, and fuses with orbital septal fibres at the rim. The loose attachment to the walls allows surgical elevation for orbital approaches.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Subperiosteal haematoma (from orbital floor blowout fractures or trauma) collects between periorbita and orbital walls, producing proptosis and diplopia. Subperiosteal abscess (from paranasal sinusitis) tracks under the periorbita producing medial proptosis. Orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease involves periorbita incision and fat removal.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Subperiosteal Haematoma

Blunt orbital trauma separating the periorbita from the orbital walls producing subperiosteal blood collection, managed conservatively or with drainage for vision-threatening cases.

Subperiosteal Abscess from Sinusitis

Periorbital spread of sinus infection beneath the periorbita producing medial wall proptosis, requiring urgent IV antibiotics and surgical drainage.