The olecranon collateral ligament is a thickening of the posterior medial elbow capsule between the medial epicondyle and the medial olecranon, reinforcing the posterior medial corner. It is the posterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament complex and resists valgus stress at higher flexion angles.
Resists valgus instability at flexion angles greater than 60 degrees and stabilises the posteromedial elbow during the deceleration phase of throwing.
The olecranon collateral ligament is injured in posteromedial elbow instability patterns and in throwers who develop posteromedial osteophyte formation. Its disruption allows posteromedial subluxation of the olecranon during valgus extension loading. MRI identifies posterior bundle tears at the olecranon insertion. Repair or reconstruction is required in throwing athletes with confirmed instability.
Tear of the olecranon collateral ligament from repetitive valgus extension loading in throwers, producing posteromedial elbow pain and instability confirmed by valgus stress testing at 70 degrees flexion.
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