Middle Glenohumeral Ligament Detail

ligamentum glenohumerale medium detail

The middle glenohumeral ligament is the most variable of the three GHLs, running from the anterior glenoid labrum to the lesser tuberosity. It may be absent (30%), cord-like, or sheet-like, and is absent in the Buford complex (where an absent anterior labrum is accompanied by a cord-like MGHL).

Region: Shoulder

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Resists anterior instability at 45-60 degrees of abduction (the mid-range), limits external rotation in that position, and provides the primary anterior restraint in the mid-abduction range where the IGHL is not yet taut.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The MGHL is the primary restraint in the 45-60 degree abduction range — overhand throwers with MGHL insufficiency develop anterior instability specific to this position. The Buford complex (absent anterosuperior labrum with cord-like MGHL) must be recognised to avoid unnecessary labral repair.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Buford Complex Recognition

Absent anterosuperior labrum with a cord-like MGHL (Buford complex) must be identified during shoulder arthroscopy to avoid attempting to repair a normal anatomical variant as a Bankart lesion.

MGHL Insufficiency in Throwers

Middle GHL laxity producing anterior instability at the 45-60 degree abduction position in overhead athletes, contributing to the AMBRI pattern of instability.