The medial temporomandibular ligament (sphenomandibular ligament — some nomenclature) reinforces the medial aspect of the TMJ capsule, running from the sphenoid spine to the medial condylar neck.
Limits inferior and posterior displacement of the mandibular condyle, reinforcing the medial TMJ capsule. Acts as a medial check ligament preventing excessive lateral excursion.
Medial TMJ capsular laxity allows excessive condylar translation and is associated with internal derangement. Medial capsular plication is performed in disc repositioning surgery to tighten the medial constraint.
Excessive condylar translation from medial capsular insufficiency producing TMJ hypermobility and subluxation, managed by eminectomy or capsular plication.
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