Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (Complete)

ligamentum patellofemorale mediale completus

The MPFL runs from the medial patella to the medial femoral epicondyle (between the adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle), providing the primary medial restraint against lateral patellar displacement.

Region: Knee

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Primary static restraint against lateral patellar dislocation — provides 50-60% of the total medial restraint force. The MPFL is taut from 0-30 degrees of flexion where lateral dislocation most commonly occurs.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

MPFL rupture occurs in virtually all first-time lateral patellar dislocations (MRI demonstrates the tear in 96%). MPFL reconstruction using gracilis tendon graft is the standard surgical treatment for recurrent patellar dislocation, with the graft attached to the adductor tubercle at the isometric point.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

MPFL Rupture in Acute Patellar Dislocation

MPFL tear occurring in 96% of first-time lateral patellar dislocations, managed conservatively for first events and reconstructed with gracilis graft for recurrent instability.

MPFL Reconstruction Isometric Point

The femoral MPFL attachment between the adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle is the critical isometric point — incorrect placement produces non-isometric graft that either overtightens in flexion or loosens in extension.