The medial knee complex includes the superficial MCL (primary valgus restraint), deep MCL (coronary ligaments and joint capsule), and the posterior oblique ligament. The superficial MCL is taut in extension, the deep MCL contributes throughout range, and the POL provides posterior medial corner support. Together they resist the combined valgus and rotational forces of sport.
| Origin | Medial femoral condyle and epicondyle |
|---|---|
| Insertion | Medial tibial condyle, medial meniscus, and proximal medial tibia |
| Actions | Combined medial stabilisation against valgus stress and external tibial rotation through superficial MCL, deep MCL, and posterior oblique ligament |
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Isolated grade III MCL tears heal reliably with functional bracing and early range of motion because of the extraarticular position and periosteal blood supply of the superficial MCL. Combined ACL and MCL injuries may require MCL bracing before ACL reconstruction to allow MCL healing in appropriate position.
Complete medial collateral disruption healing reliably with conservative management when isolated, requiring surgical consideration only for combined multiligamentous injuries.
