The MCL is a broad flat ligament on the medial knee connecting the medial femoral epicondyle to the medial tibial shaft, primarily resisting valgus forces at the knee.
Resists valgus stress and provides static medial stability, preventing the knee from buckling inward.
MCL sprains are common in contact sports from lateral impacts. Valgus stress test assesses integrity. Isolated MCL injuries typically heal conservatively.
Valgus force injuries ranging from tender without instability (Grade I) to complete tear with valgus opening at 30° flexion (Grade III).
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