The lateral intermuscular septum extends from the iliotibial band to the lateral femur, separating the anterior quadriceps compartment from the posterior hamstring compartment. It is a condensation of the deep fascia of the thigh providing structural support and compartmentalisation.
Separates the anterior (extensor) and posterior (flexor) muscular compartments of the thigh and transmits forces between the IT band and femur.
The lateral intermuscular septum is a source of chronic lateral thigh pain in cyclists and endurance athletes, particularly where the IT band attaches to the lateral femoral condyle. Surgical release of the lateral intermuscular septum is occasionally required in refractory IT band syndrome. It forms the lateral wall of the lateral femoral compartment in compartment syndrome.
Traction injury to the lateral septum producing diffuse lateral thigh aching in endurance athletes, distinguishable from IT band syndrome by proximal location along the femoral shaft.
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