The iliotibial band is the thickened lateral fascia lata condensation running from the iliac crest (TFL + gluteus maximus) to Gerdy's tubercle on the lateral tibia, crossing both hip and knee joints.
Provides lateral knee stability in extension, transmits hip abductor moment to the lateral tibia during gait, contributes to hip abduction, and is the structure causing ITB friction syndrome at the lateral femoral epicondyle.
ITB syndrome is the most common running overuse injury — friction at 30 degrees produces lateral knee pain. Ober test assesses tightness. Foam rolling, stretching, and load management are first-line; surgical Z-plasty for refractory cases.
Repetitive lateral epicondyle friction producing lateral knee pain at the 30-degree impingement zone, managed by TFL stretching and load reduction.
Congenital or post-inflammatory ITB contracture producing fixed hip abduction, treated by ITB release and Z-plasty.
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