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Iliofemoral Ligament

ligamentum iliofemorale

The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament in the body, shaped like an inverted Y from the anterior inferior iliac spine to both trochanters, primarily resisting hip extension and external rotation.

Region: Pelvis & Hip

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Prevents hip hyperextension in standing, allowing upright posture with hip extensors relaxed.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The iliofemoral ligament is the primary restraint to hip hyperextension and is the strongest ligament in the body, tolerating loads exceeding 350 N. Its Y-shape (ligament of Bigelow) tightens in hip extension and external rotation — the closed-pack position of the hip joint. Anterior hip dislocation tears this ligament completely. In total hip arthroplasty via the anterior approach, the iliofemoral ligament must be carefully managed to prevent anterior instability post-operatively. Capsular plication of the iliofemoral ligament is performed in arthroscopic hip instability surgery. Dancers and gymnasts with repetitive end-range hip extension may develop iliofemoral ligament microtrauma contributing to anterior hip pain.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Hip Dislocation

High-energy traumatic dislocation requiring iliofemoral ligament failure, demanding urgent reduction to prevent avascular necrosis of the femoral head.