The coracoclavicular ligament connects the coracoid process to the inferior clavicle via two distinct bands, the conoid and trapezoid, and is the primary restraint preventing superior clavicular displacement during acromioclavicular joint loading. Its integrity is the key determinant of acromioclavicular joint stability and its disruption defines the higher grades of AC joint separation that require surgical intervention.
| Origin | Coracoid process of the scapula |
|---|---|
| Insertion | Inferior surface of the clavicle via two bands: the conoid medially and the trapezoid laterally |
| Actions | Suspends the scapula from the clavicle; prevents superior clavicular displacement at the acromioclavicular joint |
|---|
AC joint injuries are classified using the Rockwood grading system, with grades I through III having intact or partially disrupted CC ligaments managed conservatively, and grades IV through VI having complete CC ligament disruption with significant displacement requiring surgical reconstruction. The CC ligament distance measured on comparative stress radiographs or MRI determines the degree of disruption. Coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is the cornerstone of surgical AC joint stabilisation.
Tearing of the conoid and trapezoid bands during a fall on the outstretched arm or direct blow to the shoulder, producing superior clavicular displacement classified by the Rockwood system and requiring surgical reconstruction for grades IV through VI.
