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Articular Disc of the TMJ

discus articularis articulationis temporomandibularis

The articular disc of the TMJ is a biconcave fibrocartilaginous structure that divides the joint into upper and lower compartments, allowing the complex hinge-and-glide motion unique to the temporomandibular joint.

Region: Head & Skull

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Distributes load across the TMJ, prevents bony contact between the temporal bone and mandibular condyle, and enables the translatory sliding of the upper compartment during wide mouth opening.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

Anterior disc displacement (with or without reduction) is the most common TMJ disorder. The clicking sound heard during jaw opening in many patients results from the condyle snapping over a displaced disc. MRI is the gold standard for disc position assessment. Articular disc repositioning surgery is reserved for refractory cases.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Anterior Disc Displacement with Reduction

Disc displaced anteriorly at rest but recaptures during opening, producing the characteristic click, managed conservatively with splints and physiotherapy.

Anterior Disc Displacement without Reduction

Locked disc that does not recapture, producing limited opening and deviation to the affected side, requiring arthrocentesis or arthroscopic lysis and lavage.