The anterior elbow capsule is a thin fibrous structure spanning from the anterior distal humerus (above the coronoid and radial fossae) to the anterior coronoid process and annular ligament, forming the anterior wall of the elbow joint. It is reinforced by oblique fibres anteriorly and merges with the medial and lateral collateral ligaments at its edges.
Provides anterior containment of the elbow joint and limits hyperextension; becomes taut in full extension.
The anterior elbow capsule is contracted in post-traumatic elbow flexion contractures and heterotopic ossification syndromes. Anterior capsulotomy or capsulectomy is the primary procedure for addressing flexion loss in elbow stiffness. The brachialis muscle lies immediately anterior and must be carefully elevated during anterior capsulotomy. The median nerve and brachial artery are at risk during aggressive anterior capsulotomy.
Fibrotic thickening of the anterior capsule after elbow fracture or prolonged immobilisation producing fixed flexion loss, treated by progressive splinting or surgical anterior capsulotomy.
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