Subscapularis Bursa

bursa subtendinea musculi subscapularis

The subscapular bursa communicates with the glenohumeral joint through an opening in the anterior capsule between the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments in approximately 85 percent of shoulders. This communication means that glenohumeral joint effusion fills the bursa, and imaging of the subscapular bursa provides indirect evidence of a joint effusion.

Region: Shoulder

Biomechanics

Function & Actions

Reduces friction between the subscapularis tendon and the anterior shoulder structures during internal rotation and movement

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The subscapular bursa is used as an entry point for glenohumeral joint injection using the anterior approach — a needle directed toward the glenohumeral joint from the anterior shoulder enters the subscapular bursa first and then the joint. Enlarged subscapular bursae in rheumatoid arthritis can compress the brachial plexus producing compressive neuropathy.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Subscapular Bursitis

Anterior shoulder swelling from subscapular bursa inflammation in inflammatory arthritis, distinguishable from subacromial bursitis by its anterior location.