Small synovial bursae associated with the capsules of the lumbar facet (zygapophyseal) joints, particularly L4-L5 and L5-S1. These bursae may distend with synovial fluid and protrude medially into the lateral recess, causing nerve root compression indistinguishable from a disc herniation.
Lumbar facet cysts (synovial or ganglion) arising from zygapophyseal bursae are a recognised cause of radiculopathy in older patients with facet arthropathy. MRI demonstrates a cystic structure adjacent to the facet joint compressing the thecal sac or nerve root. Fluoroscopic rupture via intra-articular steroid injection resolves up to 50% of cases; surgical decompression is definitive.
Distension of the zygapophyseal bursa into the spinal canal producing radiculopathy clinically identical to disc herniation, diagnosed on MRI and treated by injection or surgical excision.
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