A bursa between the lower costal slips of latissimus dorsi and the underlying ribs at their origin, reducing friction during powerful shoulder extension and adduction movements. It lies in the posterior axillary fold region.
Latissimus dorsi costal bursitis produces posterior lateral chest and axillary fold pain in swimmers (butterfly stroke) and gymnasts. It is part of the posterior chest wall pain syndrome. Palpation of the posterior axillary fold reproduces the pain. The latissimus dorsi is also harvested as a pedicled flap for breast reconstruction through this region.
Posterior lateral chest pain from bursal inflammation at the latissimus costal origin in overhead athletes, reproduced by resisted shoulder extension and managed with rest and targeted injection.
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