The septal nuclei are small groups of neurons in the septal area, the region of the medial wall of the hemisphere just below the rostrum of the corpus callosum and in front of the anterior commissure, with extensions into the base of the septum pellucidum. They are a key relay in the limbic system. The medial septal nucleus sends rhythmic cholinergic signals to the hippocampus.
| Location | Medial basal forebrain, below the rostrum of the corpus callosum and in front of the lamina terminalis and anterior commissure |
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| Parts |
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| Connections |
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| Blood Supply | Anterior cerebral artery (perforating branches); Anterior communicating artery (perforating branches) |
Links the hippocampus with the hypothalamus and drives the hippocampal rhythm that supports memory, while also contributing to reward and emotional control.
Septal input drives the hippocampal theta rhythm, which is linked to memory and navigation. Damage in animals causes 'septal rage', an exaggerated emotional response; in humans, lesions near the septal area (for example from anterior communicating artery aneurysms) can contribute to memory problems and confabulation. Absence of the septum pellucidum is a separate developmental condition linked to septo-optic dysplasia.
Memory loss and confabulation after damage to the septal area and basal forebrain, often from anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture.
A developmental disorder with absent septum pellucidum, optic nerve hypoplasia and pituitary problems.
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