The frontal bone forms the forehead, the roof of the eye sockets, and part of the anterior cranial floor. It contains the frontal sinuses and provides attachment for several facial muscles and the anterior scalp.
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| Ossification | Membranous ossification from two ossification centres that fuse at the metopic suture by age 6 in most individuals; a persistent metopic suture (metopism) is a normal variant present in 8 percent of adults. |
The frontal bone is most frequently fractured at the supraorbital rim and anterior sinus wall during facial trauma. Frontal sinus fractures are classified by displacement, posterior wall involvement, and nasofrontal duct injury. Posterior wall fractures with dural tears require neurosurgical involvement. The frontal sinuses vary enormously in size and pneumatisation, approximately 4 percent of people are born without them, making them unreliable for forensic identification without prior imaging.
A blow to the forehead can fracture the anterior and sometimes posterior walls of the frontal sinus, producing a depressed forehead contour; posterior wall involvement risks dural tear and cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Direct impact to the brow fractures the supraorbital rim, often with forehead numbness from supraorbital nerve injury and associated orbital roof involvement.
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