The parahippocampal gyrus lies on the underside of the temporal lobe, along the medial edge beside the hippocampus, and forms the lower half of the limbic lobe. At its front it hooks back as the uncus, and its anterior part contains the entorhinal cortex. The collateral sulcus separates it from the fusiform gyrus.
| Location | Inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe, between the hippocampal sulcus and the collateral sulcus |
|---|---|
| Parts |
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| Connections |
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| Blood Supply | Posterior cerebral artery; Anterior choroidal artery |
Acts as the main gateway between the neocortex and the hippocampus, supporting memory formation and recognition of places and scenes.
Its entorhinal portion is one of the earliest sites of tau tangles in Alzheimer disease, and its thinning is seen on MRI. The parahippocampal place area responds strongly to scenes, so damage can impair recognition of landmarks. The front of the gyrus (uncus) can herniate over the tentorial edge with raised intracranial pressure.
Medial temporal lobe pushed over the tentorial edge, compressing the oculomotor nerve and brainstem.
Difficulty recognising places and finding the way after parahippocampal damage.
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