The dentate gyrus is a narrow, toothed strip of grey matter lying between the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus, separated from the latter by the hippocampal sulcus. It is part of the hippocampal formation. It receives the main input from the entorhinal cortex and passes it to the CA3 field through mossy fibres.
| Location | Medial temporal lobe, between the fimbria of the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus |
|---|---|
| Parts |
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| Connections |
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| Blood Supply | Posterior cerebral artery (hippocampal branches); Anterior choroidal artery |
Acts as the entry point of the hippocampus and helps keep similar memories distinct (pattern separation).
It is one of the few sites in the adult brain where new neurons may form, although how much this happens in humans is debated. Its granule cells may disperse and sprout abnormally in hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy. It helps separate similar memories so they are not confused.
Abnormal spreading of dentate granule cells, seen in hippocampal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy.
Abnormal rewiring of dentate axons that may make the hippocampus prone to seizures.
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