The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, making up about 80 percent of its mass. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres joined by the corpus callosum, each with an outer layer of folded cortex, deeper white matter, and buried nuclei such as the basal ganglia. Strictly, the term covers the telencephalon, though some texts also include the diencephalon.
| Location | Fills the anterior and middle cranial fossae and lies above the tentorium cerebelli, over the cerebellum |
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| Connections |
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| Blood Supply | Anterior cerebral artery; Middle cerebral artery; Posterior cerebral artery |
Carries out conscious perception, voluntary movement, language, reasoning, memory and emotional behaviour, and integrates sensory input with planned actions.
Most of what clinicians call higher function (language, planning, voluntary movement, conscious sensation, memory) depends on the cerebrum, so lesions here produce focal signs that point to the lobe involved. Damage on one side usually affects the opposite side of the body because the major motor and sensory pathways cross. Large cerebral strokes or bleeds can cause midline shift and herniation.
Death of cerebral tissue after arterial occlusion, most often in the middle cerebral artery territory, producing weakness and sensory loss of the opposite side.
Swelling of brain tissue after injury, infection or infarction, which raises intracranial pressure and can lead to herniation.
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