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Spine of the Scapula

spina scapulae

The spine of the scapula is the prominent posterior bony ridge crossing the posterior scapular surface, dividing it into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. It terminates laterally as the acromion. The trapezius inserts onto the spine and the deltoid originates from it.

Anatomical Data

Structure & Landmarks

Articulations	Acromion (continuous laterally)
Landmarks	Root of the scapular spine (medial end at T3 level) Posterior surface (superior and inferior aspects) Lateral continuation to acromion Trapezius insertion ridge Deltoid origin on posterior spine
Ossification	The scapular spine develops from the scapular body with a variable secondary ossification centre at the spine root appearing in adolescence.

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The scapular spine is the landmark for posterior approach to the shoulder, where the posterior deltoid is split off the spine to expose the infraspinatus and teres minor. Suprascapular nerve entrapment at the spinoglenoid notch is best approached by palpating the junction of the lateral spine and the acromion. Scapular stress fractures through the spine occur in overhead athletes and are identifiable on CT.

Palpation

Stand behind the person and place your fingers on the upper part of the shoulder blade. The prominent bony ridge running across it from the medial border up and out to the acromion is the spine of the scapula. Follow it along its full length; the supraspinatus lies in the hollow above it and infraspinatus in the broad area below it.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Scapular Spine Fracture

Uncommon fractures from direct trauma, or stress fractures after reverse shoulder replacement.

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