The olecranon is the posterior prominence of the proximal ulna that fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus during elbow extension, forming the point of the elbow. The triceps tendon inserts on its posterior surface, making it the power arm of the elbow extensor mechanism. Its subcutaneous position makes it vulnerable to direct trauma and the site of olecranon bursitis.
Olecranon fractures from direct trauma or falls on the point of the elbow disrupt the triceps mechanism, producing an inability to extend the elbow. Tension band wiring fixation compresses the fracture with elbow flexion, converting the distraction force of the triceps into compression across the fracture — the classic biomechanical principle of tension band technique. The olecranon apophysis in young athletes is a stress injury site (little league elbow in pitchers).
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