The paired maxillae form the upper jaw, the hard palate, the floor of the orbit, and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. They bear the upper teeth and contain the maxillary sinuses.
The maxilla contains the maxillary sinuses, the largest paranasal sinuses, which are closely related to the roots of the upper premolar and molar teeth. Dental infections from these teeth can spread directly into the maxillary sinus (odontogenic sinusitis). Le Fort fractures of the midface are classified by level: Le Fort I separates the hard palate, Le Fort II separates the midface as a pyramidal block, and Le Fort III produces craniofacial disjunction. All require surgical fixation for functional and aesthetic restoration.
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