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Mandibular Ramus

ramus mandibulae

The mandibular ramus is the vertical posterior portion of the mandible extending from the angle to the condylar and coronoid processes. Its lateral surface provides attachment for the masseter; its medial surface for the medial pterygoid, forming the pterygomandibular space. The mandibular foramen (inferior alveolar nerve entry) is on the medial surface of the ramus, protected by the lingula.

Region: Head & Skull

Clinical Relevance

Clinical Notes

The mandibular ramus is the site of sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) in orthognathic surgery for jaw correction. The ramus height and thickness determine the split pattern and screw placement. Ramus fractures from direct trauma or third molar extraction are classified by their relationship to the inferior alveolar canal. Condylar fractures extending into the ramus require consideration of the inferior alveolar nerve. Ramus bone harvest for grafting is performed through an intraoral incision over the external oblique ridge.

Pathology

Common Injuries & Conditions

Mandibular Ramus Fracture in Lateral Facial Trauma

Direct lateral facial impact fractures the mandibular ramus, commonly through the condylar neck or the angle region; the inferior alveolar nerve within the canal at the centre of the ramus may be injured producing lip anaesthesia, and ORIF with ramus plates through a retromandibular or submandibular approach restores ramus height and mandibular continuity.