The mandible is the only moveable bone of the skull, forming the lower jaw. It articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint and provides attachment for the muscles of mastication and tongue.
The mandible is the most commonly fractured facial bone overall, with fractures occurring at the condyle (most common site), angle, parasymphysis, and body. The inferior alveolar nerve runs through the mandibular canal and can be injured in condylar and body fractures, producing ipsilateral lower lip numbness. The third molar roots are intimately related to the inferior alveolar canal, making wisdom tooth extraction the most common cause of inferior alveolar nerve injury. Bilateral condylar fractures produce anterior open bite from bilateral shortening of the mandibular rami.
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