The jugum sphenoidale (planum sphenoidale) is the flat superior surface of the sphenoid body anterior to the chiasmatic groove (optic groove) and the sella turcica, forming part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. It is bounded anteriorly by the ethmoid and posteriorly by the optic chiasm and the optic canals. Olfactory fibers run on its inferior surface.
Olfactory groove meningiomas arise along the cribriform plate and jugum sphenoidale, growing between the olfactory bulbs and tracts to compress the orbitofrontal cortex. Their removal requires elevation of the olfactory nerves from the jugum surface with attempted preservation of at least one side. The planum sphenoidale is the landmark for the endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar cistern, where the bone is drilled to reach the chiasm and anterior communicating artery.
Meningioma arising at the interface of the cribriform plate and jugum sphenoidale compresses the olfactory bulbs and tracts causing anosmia, and if large displaces the frontal lobes causing personality change and foster Kennedy syndrome (ipsilateral optic atrophy, contralateral papilledema); resected via bifrontal craniotomy or extended endoscopic endonasal approach.
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