The ilium is the large, wing-shaped superior portion of the hip bone (os coxae), forming the iliac crest, the posterior and anterior iliac spines, and the greater sciatic notch. It fuses with the ischium and pubis to form the acetabulum.
The ilium forms the superior part of the hip bone and the iliac crest is the most prominent bony landmark of the pelvis. Iliac crest bone graft is the gold standard donor site for autologous bone grafting due to the volume of cancellous and cortical bone available. Iliac crest avulsion fractures in adolescent athletes occur at the ASIS (sartorius origin) and AIIS (rectus femoris origin) during explosive sprinting. Pelvic ring injuries disrupting the ilium require surgical stabilisation to restore ring integrity.
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