The hip bone is the large irregular bone forming each side of the pelvis, made of the ilium, ischium and pubis fused at the acetabulum. The two hip bones join each other at the pubic symphysis and the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints, forming the pelvic ring that transmits body weight to the lower limbs.
| Articulations |
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|---|---|
| Landmarks |
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| Ossification | Ossifies from three primary centres (ilium at about the eighth fetal week, ischium at about the fourth month, pubis at about the fifth month) meeting at the Y-shaped triradiate cartilage of the acetabulum, which fuses at about 14-16 years; secondary centres for the iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, anterior inferior iliac spine and pubic symphysis fuse by about 25 years. |
Pelvic ring fractures range from low-energy pubic rami fractures in older people to high-energy unstable injuries with life-threatening bleeding. Acetabular fractures disrupt the hip joint surface and often need reconstruction. The iliac crest is the standard site for bone marrow aspiration and bone graft harvest.
High-energy injuries such as open-book or vertical shear patterns can cause major haemorrhage and need urgent stabilisation.
Impact through the femoral head fractures the socket, often needing surgical fixation to restore the joint.
Adolescent athletes may avulse the ASIS, AIIS or ischial tuberosity apophyses during sprinting or kicking.
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